WAEC 2026/2027 Digital Technologies Essay and Objective Questions and Answers

WAEC 2026 Digital Technologies Essay and Objective Questions and Answers

PAPER 1 – OBJECTIVE TEST

Time Allowed: 1 Hour
Answer ALL questions.

Instructions to Candidates

Use HB pencil to shade the correct option on your answer sheet.
Each question is followed by four options labelled A–D.
Choose the most appropriate answer.
Each question carries equal marks.

OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS (1–60)

1. The brain of the computer is the
A. Monitor
B. Keyboard
C. CPU
D. Printer
Answer: C

2. The full meaning of ICT is
A. International Communication Technology
B. Information and Communication Technology
C. Internal Computer Technology
D. Internet Communication Tool
Answer: B

3. Which of the following is an input device?
A. Printer
B. Monitor
C. Mouse
D. Speaker
Answer: C

4. A device that converts hard copy to digital form is
A. Scanner
B. Printer
C. Plotter
D. Speaker
Answer: A

5. RAM stands for
A. Random Access Memory
B. Read Access Memory
C. Rapid Access Machine
D. Remote Access Memory
Answer: A

6. Software designed to control hardware is called
A. Application software
B. Utility software
C. System software
D. Antivirus
Answer: C

7. An example of application software is
A. Windows
B. Linux
C. Microsoft Word
D. BIOS
Answer: C

8. The binary number system uses base
A. 2
B. 8
C. 10
D. 16
Answer: A

9. The process of detecting and correcting errors in a program is
A. Coding
B. Debugging
C. Compiling
D. Uploading
Answer: B

10. Which of the following is a programming language?
A. HTML
B. Python
C. Excel
D. Windows
Answer: B

11. A spreadsheet is mainly used for
A. Typing letters
B. Drawing
C. Calculations
D. Gaming
Answer: C

12. An example of cloud storage is
A. Google Drive
B. Keyboard
C. USB cable
D. CPU
Answer: A

13. Malware refers to
A. Good software
B. Harmful software
C. Hardware device
D. Operating system
Answer: B

14. A firewall is used to
A. Increase speed
B. Protect network
C. Format disk
D. Print documents
Answer: B

15. URL stands for
A. Uniform Resource Locator
B. Universal Record Link
C. Uniform Record Line
D. United Resource Locator
Answer: A

WAEC 2026 Digital Technologies Essay and Objective Questions and Answers

16. The internet is a
A. Single computer
B. Global network
C. Printer
D. Software
Answer: B

17. A byte is equal to
A. 4 bits
B. 6 bits
C. 8 bits
D. 10 bits
Answer: C

18. E-mail is used for
A. Cooking
B. Digital communication
C. Farming
D. Banking only
Answer: B

19. A database is used to
A. Destroy files
B. Store organized data
C. Print books
D. Play music
Answer: B

20. Which of the following is an output device?
A. Keyboard
B. Mouse
C. Monitor
D. Scanner
Answer: C

21. LAN means
A. Local Area Network
B. Long Area Network
C. Large Area Network
D. Linked Access Node
Answer: A

22. WAN means
A. Wide Area Network
B. World Area Node
C. Wireless Access Network
D. Web Access Node
Answer: A

23. An algorithm is
A. A virus
B. Step-by-step procedure
C. A hardware tool
D. Internet cable
Answer: B

24. Which is an example of secondary storage?
A. RAM
B. ROM
C. Hard disk
D. CPU
Answer: C

25. ROM is
A. Volatile
B. Permanent memory
C. Temporary
D. Cloud storage
Answer: B

26. A modem is used to
A. Scan documents
B. Connect to internet
C. Print
D. Type
Answer: B

27. Cybersecurity refers to
A. Online gaming
B. Digital protection
C. Printing
D. Coding only
Answer: B

28. HTML is mainly used for
A. Hardware repair
B. Web design
C. Accounting
D. Networking
Answer: B

29. The function of an operating system is to
A. Manage computer resources
B. Print documents
C. Play music only
D. Browse internet only
Answer: A

30. Phishing is
A. Fishing online
B. Cyber fraud
C. Antivirus
D. Networking tool
Answer: B

31. Spreadsheet cell address example is
A. A1
B. 1A
C. AA
D. 11
Answer: A

32. Antivirus software protects against
A. Power surge
B. Viruses
C. Dust
D. Noise
Answer: B

33. Bluetooth is used for
A. Cooking
B. Wireless data transfer
C. Printing
D. Programming
Answer: B

34. GPS stands for
A. Global Positioning System
B. General Position System
C. Global Programming Service
D. General Processing System
Answer: A

35. Artificial Intelligence refers to
A. Human thinking
B. Machine simulation of intelligence
C. Printer function
D. Typing skill
Answer: B

36. E-commerce involves
A. Online trading
B. Farming
C. Cooking
D. Printing
Answer: A

37. A webpage is displayed using
A. Browser
B. Printer
C. Scanner
D. CPU
Answer: A

38. The shortcut Ctrl + C means
A. Cut
B. Copy
C. Close
D. Cancel
Answer: B

39. The shortcut Ctrl + V means
A. Paste
B. View
C. Verify
D. Visualize
Answer: A

40. Social media is used for
A. Communication
B. Farming
C. Construction
D. Surgery
Answer: A

41. Spreadsheet formula begins with
A. @
B. #
C. =
D. $
Answer: C

42. Example of an open-source OS is
A. Linux
B. Windows
C. MS Office
D. Excel
Answer: A

43. Cloud computing allows
A. Local storage only
B. Online storage and services
C. Printing only
D. Gaming only
Answer: B

44. A hacker is someone who
A. Repairs hardware
B. Gains unauthorized access
C. Teaches ICT
D. Prints documents
Answer: B

45. A spreadsheet is divided into
A. Rows and columns
B. Paragraphs
C. Pages
D. Frames
Answer: A

WAEC 2026 Digital Technologies Essay and Objective Questions and Answers

46. A password should be
A. Simple
B. Short
C. Strong and unique
D. Public
Answer: C

47. ICT improves
A. Communication
B. Illiteracy
C. Manual labour
D. Waste
Answer: A

48. A printer produces
A. Soft copy
B. Hard copy
C. Audio
D. Code
Answer: B

49. The cloud symbol represents
A. Weather
B. Internet services
C. Printer
D. CPU
Answer: B

50. Digital literacy means
A. Ability to use digital tools
B. Writing books
C. Farming
D. Typing only
Answer: A

51. The full meaning of USB is

A. Universal Serial Bus
B. United System Board
C. Uniform Storage Box
D. Universal System Bridge
Answer: A

52. The smallest unit of data in a computer is

A. Byte
B. Bit
C. Nibble
D. Kilobyte
Answer: B

53. A blog is best described as

A. An antivirus program
B. A computer virus
C. An online journal or website
D. A spreadsheet tool
Answer: C

54. Wi-Fi technology is used for

A. Wired communication
B. Wireless networking
C. Printing documents
D. Programming
Answer: B

55. In a database, a field represents

A. A complete table
B. A specific data item
C. A computer virus
D. A spreadsheet
Answer: B

56. Cyberbullying occurs mainly through

A. Printed letters
B. Radio broadcast
C. Digital platforms
D. Television only
Answer: C

57. Encryption is used to

A. Delete files
B. Compress images
C. Protect data from unauthorized access
D. Speed up internet
Answer: C

58. Hardware refers to

A. Physical components of a computer
B. Computer programs
C. Internet services
D. Software updates
Answer: A

59. A server is a computer that

A. Plays music
B. Stores and provides services to other computers
C. Prints documents
D. Types letters
Answer: B

60. Digital divide refers to

A. Division of computer memory
B. Difference between hardware and software
C. Gap between people with and without access to technology
D. Internet speed difference
Answer: C

Part Two: Essay

QUESTION 1

(a) Define Digital Technology.

(b) State five importance of Digital Technology in Nigeria.

ANSWER

(a) Definition of Digital Technology

Digital Technology refers to electronic tools, systems, devices, and resources that generate, store, or process data in digital form.

(b) Importance of Digital Technology in Nigeria

Improves communication
Through emails, social media, and video conferencing.
Enhances education
Students can learn online using computers and mobile devices.
Supports business activities
Businesses use digital systems for sales, advertising, and record keeping.
Creates employment opportunities
ICT has created jobs such as web design, programming, and digital marketing.
Improves banking services
Internet banking and mobile transfers make financial transactions easier.

QUESTION 2

(a) Explain the term Computer Network.

(b) State and explain four types of computer networks.

ANSWER

(a) Meaning of Computer Network

A computer network is the interconnection of two or more computers for sharing information and resources.

(b) Types of Computer Networks

LAN (Local Area Network)
Covers a small geographical area such as a school or office.
MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)
Covers a city or town.
WAN (Wide Area Network)
Covers a large geographical area such as countries or continents.
PAN (Personal Area Network)
Connects devices around one person, e.g., Bluetooth connection.

WAEC 2026 Digital Technologies Essay and Objective Questions and Answers

QUESTION 3

(a) Differentiate between hardware and software.

(b) State four examples of hardware and software each.

ANSWER

(a) Difference Between Hardware and Software

Hardware	Software
Physical components of computer	Programs used by computer
Can be touched	Cannot be touched
Examples: keyboard, monitor	Examples: Windows, MS Word

(b) Examples

Hardware

Keyboard
Mouse
Monitor
Printer

Software

Windows
Microsoft Word
Excel
PowerPoint

QUESTION 4

(a) What is Cybersecurity?

(b) State five ways of protecting a computer system from cyber attacks.

ANSWER

(a) Meaning of Cybersecurity

Cybersecurity is the protection of computer systems, networks, and data from unauthorized access or attacks.

(b) Ways of Protecting Computer Systems

Install antivirus software
Use strong passwords
Avoid suspicious links
Update software regularly
Use firewalls

QUESTION 5

(a) Define Database.

(b) State five advantages of database management systems.

ANSWER

(a) Meaning of Database

A database is an organized collection of related data stored electronically for easy access and management.

(b) Advantages of Database Management System (DBMS)

Reduces data duplication
Improves data security
Enables quick access to information
Simplifies data management
Supports data sharing

QUESTION 6

(a) Explain the term Internet.

(b) State five uses of the Internet.

ANSWER

(a) Meaning of Internet

The Internet is a worldwide system of interconnected computer networks used for communication and information sharing.

(b) Uses of the Internet

Research and education
Communication through email and chat
Online banking
Online shopping
Entertainment such as streaming videos

QUESTION 7

(a) What is Artificial Intelligence (AI)?

(b) State five applications of Artificial Intelligence.

ANSWER

(a) Meaning of Artificial Intelligence

Artificial Intelligence is the ability of computers or machines to perform tasks that normally require human intelligence.

(b) Applications of Artificial Intelligence

Virtual assistants
Self-driving cars
Facial recognition systems
Medical diagnosis
Chatbots and customer service systems

WAEC EXAMINER’S TIPS FOR HIGH SCORES

To score high in Digital Technologies essay:

Define terms correctly before explaining
Use correct ICT terminology
Number your points clearly
Avoid vague explanations
Use tables when asked for differences

COMMON WAEC MISTAKES

Candidates often lose marks because they:

Confuse hardware with software
Write incomplete definitions
Fail to explain points
Give less than the required number of examples

WAEC 2026 Digital Technologies Essay and Objective Questions and Answers

PAPER 1 – OBJECTIVE TEST

Time Allowed: 1 Hour
Answer ALL questions.

Instructions to Candidates

Use HB pencil to shade the correct option on your answer sheet.
Each question is followed by four options labelled A–D.
Choose the most appropriate answer.
Each question carries equal marks.